Antimicrobial Resistance and Detection of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene in Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Samples in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria
Nkene, I. H *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Zakka, K. T
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Bolarinwa, O. F
Department of Microbiology, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Ngwai, Y. B
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Usman, T. F
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Galleh, R. P
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Asogwa, I. S
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Igbawua, I. N
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Fagbola, O.F
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Akpotu, M. O
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
Tama, S. C
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Abimiku, R. H
Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Abdulmumin, R. I
Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology), Phoenix University, Agwada, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Simon, O. A
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study investigated antimicrobial resistance and detection of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin gene in S. aureus from clinical samples in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, between December 2024 and June 2025.
Methodology: A total of 250 (50 each of high vaginal swab, wound swab and sputum as well as 100 urine) samples were collected from the Microbiology Unit of the Laboratory Department of Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria, and S. aureus was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing on the isolates was carried out using disc diffusion method and interpreted in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. The molecular detection of luk-PVi gene in antibiotic resistant isolates was carried out sing Polymerase Chain Reaction method.
Results: Out of 250 clinical samples obtained, the prevalence of the isolates was 47 (18.8%). The prevalence of the isolates in relation to clinical samples was highest in High Vaginal swab (17; 34.0) but lowest in sputum (4; 8.0%). The isolates were more resistance to rifampicin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and norfloxacin with percentage resistance ranges from 89.4 % to 66.0%. The prevalence of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates (95.7%) was higher than pandrug resistant (PDR) isolates (4.3%). The occurrence of the luk-PVi gene in relation to clinical samples was high in isolates from sputum (25.0%) than the wound swab (22.2%). Most of the isolates were antimicrobial resistance, MDR resistance and carriage of PVL toxin gene.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus and the detection of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene in clinical isolates highlight an urgent need to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship and implement routine virulence screening to guide effective infection control and therapy.
Keywords: Polymorphism, lamivudine, hepatitis, pregnant, women, gene, resistance