Brain-computer Interface Advances in Neurology and Mental Health
Emeka Onyebuchi Enechukwu
Edinburgh Futures Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Mercy Omoye Omoruyi
Autism Initiatives, United Kingdom.
Vivian Ukamaka Nwokedi
*
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Victor Ayoola Owosagba
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA.
Taiwo Elizabeth Oyefeso
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Damilare Oluwaseun Bakre
Department of Medicine, State Hospital ijebu-ode, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Ololade Funke Olaitan
David Eccles School of Business, Information Systems, University of Utah, United States.
Enibokun Theresa Orobator
College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The medical diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders have been revolutionized by using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can translate neural signals into control commands, providing new opportunities for therapeutic, rehabilitation, and communication technologies. In this article, we reviewed the most recent advances in BCI technology detailing on foundational technology in Brain-Computer Interface. We also discussed their applications in neurology and mental health, such as in the restoration of motor function, diagnosing seizures, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. While BCIs hold substantial promise, they also encounter significant technological, ethical, and regulatory hurdles. These challenges could benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge the gap between technical understanding and the socio-political situation where it is being applied. To achieve this, there is a need to improve different components associated with the use of BCIs such as reliability and functionality, accessibility, and enactment of strict privacy regulations. Ongoing development approaches are also needed, which involves integration of newer technologies, creating personalized BCI systems, and researching into potential BCI-based mechanisms for neuroplasticity and cognitive enhancement.
Keywords: Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), Brain–Machine Interface (BMI), mental health, neurological disorders, neuroplasticity, neurorehabilitation