Asian Journal of Medical Principles and Clinical Practice

Pattern of Abdominal Adiposity and its Association with Hypertension and Prediabetes in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Chukwudi B. Aroh

Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 15, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Isaac O. Amole *

Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Iwo and Bowen University Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 15, Ogbomos, Nigeria.

Adewumi O. Durodola

Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Iwo and Bowen University Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 15, Ogbomos, Nigeria.

Stephen A. Adesina

Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Iwo and Bowen University Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 15, Ogbomos, Nigeria.

Adepeju O. Adegoke

Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Iwo and Bowen University Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 15, Ogbomos, Nigeria.

Akinsola I. Akinwumi

Department of Family Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Olufemi T. Awotunde

Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Iwo and Bowen University Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 15, Ogbomos, Nigeria.

Akintayo D. OlaOlorun

Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Iwo and Bowen University Teaching Hospital, P. O. Box 15, Ogbomos, Nigeria.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

---

Abstract

Aims: To determine pattern of abdominal adiposity and its association with prediabetes and hypertension.

Study Design: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso and the data was collection between September and October, 2014.

Methodology: A total of 121 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling. A standardized questionnaire was administered to obtain the socio-demographic, physical activity and clinical parameters. Physical measurements of waist circumferences were done using a flexible tape rule. Blood pressure measurement was done with a mercury sphygmomanometer and a Littman’s stethoscope. Biochemical measurements of fasting plasma glucose and 2 hour post prandial plasma glucose test were determined using the enzymatic method.

Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity among the participants was 40.5%. The prevalence among the female was 54.0% and among the male was 5.9% (p˂0.001). The prevalence of prediabetes among the participants who had abdominal obesity was 16.3% while it was 8.5% among the participants who had normal abdominal adiposity (p=0.624). The prevalence of hypertension among the participants who had abdominal obesity was 55.1% while it was 21.3% among the participants who normal abdominal adiposity.

Conclusion: The prevalence of abdominal obesity (40.5%) found among our study participants was high. There was a statistically significant association between abdominal obesity and hypertension. The prevalence of prediabetes was found to be higher in participants who had abdominal obesity (16.3%) than those with normal abdominal fat (8.5%), though the association was not statistically significant.

Keywords: Abdominal obesity, hypertension, prediabetes and physical activity

---

---

---

References

Ijezie IC, Chuku A, Onyeonoro UU, et al. Prevalence of abdominal obesity in Abia state, Nigeria: Results of a population-based house-to-house survey. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2013;6:285-291.

DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S43545.

Amole IO, OlaOlorun AD, Odeigah LO, Adesina SA. The prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension amongst adults in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Afr. J. Prim. Health Care Fam. Med. 2011;3(1):1-5.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prediabetes your chance to prevent type 2 diabetes.

Available:https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/prediabetes.html.

Access in October 2022

Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA et al. Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: The Australian diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle study (AusDiab). Circulation. 2007;116(2): 151-7.

Færch K, Borch-Johnsen K, Holst JJ, Vaag A. Pathophysiology and aetiology of impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance: Does it matter for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes? Diabetologia. 2009;52(9):1714–1723.

Patient care & health information, diseases and condition. Prediabetics.

Available:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prediabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355284

Access on October 2022.

World Health Organization. Fact sheets on hypertension.

Available:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.

Access in October 2022

Innocent IC, Abali C, Ugochukwu UO, I et al. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: Targets and therapy. 2013;6:285–291.

Iloh GUP, Amadi AN, Ikwudinma AO, et al. Prevalence and family biosocial predictors of abdominal obesity among adult Nigerian Africans in a resource constrained setting of a rural hospital in Eastern Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013;3(1):70-8.

Akinroye KK, Oyeyemi AL, Odukoya OO et al. Results from Nigeria's 2013 report card on physical activity for children and youth. J Phys Act Health. 2014;11(1):S88-92.

Ahaneku GI, Osuji CU, Anisiuba BC et al. Evaluation of blood pressure and indices of obesity in a typical rural community in Eastern Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine. 2011;10(2):121-5.

Pradana S, Laurentius AP. Prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of pre-diabetes in Indonesia. Med J Indones. 2011;20:283-94.